Description
Kalighat Painting is a traditional style of Indian painting that originated in the vicinity of the Kalighat Kali Temple in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, in the 19th century.
Urban Folk Art: Kalighat paintings were originally created by patuas (scroll painters) who migrated from rural Bengal to Kolkata. These works were painted on mill-made paper using watercolors and sold to pilgrims visiting the temple.
Theme: Initially rooted in religious imagery—depicting Hindu deities like Kali, Durga, Lakshmi, and scenes from the Ramayana—the art evolved to include satirical social commentary, critiquing contemporary life, colonial influence, and moral hypocrisy.
Social Reflection: As the art form matured, painters began illustrating scenes of everyday Bengali life, scandals, and changing gender roles. These paintings served as a mirror to the socio-political atmosphere of colonial Bengal.
Style: Characterized by bold outlines, sweeping brushwork, and minimal background detail. The figures are stylized, expressive, and often exaggerated for dramatic effect. Colors were vibrant, made from natural and homemade pigments.
Decline and Legacy: With the advent of printmaking and mass production, Kalighat paintings declined by the early 20th century. However, they are now recognized as an important precursor to modern Indian art
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