Description
Pattachitra Painting is a traditional style of Indian painting that originated in Odisha and parts of West Bengal, with roots tracing back to ancient temple culture, particularly associated with the Jagannath Temple of Puri.
Temple-Centric Folk Art:
Pattachitra (from patta meaning cloth and chitra meaning picture) was traditionally painted by chitrakar families. These paintings were created on specially prepared cloth or palm leaves using natural pigments and were closely tied to ritual practices, temple storytelling, and religious festivals.
Theme:
The art is deeply devotional, predominantly depicting Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, Subhadra, and scenes from the Krishna Leela, Ramayana, and Mahabharata. Mythological narratives, divine processions, and cosmological themes form the core subject matter.
Cultural & Narrative Function:
Pattachitra paintings served as visual aids for oral storytelling and religious instruction. They preserved mythological traditions and conveyed moral, spiritual, and philosophical ideas to the community, especially during temple rituals and village performances.
Style:
Marked by intricate detailing, bold outlines, and flat compositions, Pattachitra is known for its ornamental borders, rhythmic patterns, and stylized figures with elongated eyes. There is minimal use of perspective or shading. Colors are vivid yet earthy, traditionally derived from minerals, stones, shells, and plant sources.
Technique & Materials:
The cloth is prepared with a coating of chalk and tamarind seed gum, polished to a smooth surface before painting. Brushes are handmade, often from animal hair or plant fibers, reflecting a highly disciplined and time-intensive process.
Continuity and Legacy:
Unlike many folk traditions, Pattachitra has survived and adapted over centuries. Today, artists continue the tradition while expanding themes to include contemporary subjects and new formats. Pattachitra stands as a vital link between classical temple art and living folk practice, influencing modern Indian visual culture and design.
